The rampant mishandling of resources, misuse of public office, and position of trust, veiled methods for sanctioning or rewarding those who hold positions of public trust through a system of checks and balances among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and short of efficient systems of internal control of government including civil service standards and incentives, ethical codes, and administrative reviews are evident to partial system of accountability and poor governance.

The controversy of demands made for immediate withdrawal of coalition forces paired with incompetency of government to carry forth the delicate political and socio-economic affairs of state efficiently might exacerbate the state of affairs. A number of influential personalities involved in money embezzlement from public offices, heinous crime against citizens and power misuse are given amnesty without being subjected to strict measures entailing answerability. This attitude of government, which has discouraged new investments with remnants intended to downsizing and withdrawing a dire omen for progress of country, needs immediate reversal by practical measures.

Transparency promotes openness of the democratic process through reporting and feedback, clear processes and procedures, and the conduct and actions of those holding decision-making authority. It makes understandable information and clear standards accessible to citizens. Integrity completes the continuum of accountability and transparency since it is essential to the concept of professional ethics. It is synonymous with incorruptibility or honesty. It requires that holders of public office should not place themselves under financial or other obligations to outside individuals or organizations that may influence them in the performance of their official duties.

This implies that the expanding role of government in development has placed the bureaucracy in a monopolistic position and has enhanced the opportunities for unlimited administrative misappropriation. However, government intervention is also likely to expand the discretion of public officials to make decisions. It is the misuse of unchecked discretion that is one of the primary causes of corruption. Corruption results from excessive regulation, increased bureaucratic discretion, and lack of an adequate accountable and transparent system.

Afghanistan needs a set of whole comprehensive reforms. There are no quick fixes. Experience suggests several rules for successful reforms: create a strong political will – a critical starting point for sustainable and effective anti corruption programs; focus on prevention and changing systems through changing values, creating a culture of professionalism and training, providing adequate pay and ensuring deterrence; identify government activities most prone to the problem of corruption and review both substantive law and administrative procedures; enforce accountability mechanisms and learn from good practices and examples of others; enact comprehensive anti-corruption legislation; establish broad ownership of reforms, among others, by creating strong partnership with the civil society and the private sector; and make corruption high risk and low profit.