Since the dawn of civilization man has been striving hard to manage his affairs systematically. The desire to become systematic to the point and precise has led human being to develop variety of disciplines. These disciplines with the march of civilization failed to keep pace with the human driving force. Resultantly new avenues are sought for governance, well known as good governance.

Governance is the act of governing which relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. It consists of either a separate process or part of management or leadership processes. These processes and systems are typically administered by a government. When discussing governance in particular country, the quality of governance within the country is often compared to a standard of good governance.

Good governance is the dynamic interaction between people, structures, processes and traditions that support the exercise of legitimate authority in provision of sound leadership, direction, oversight, and control of an entity in order to ensure that its purpose is achieved, and that there is proper accounting for the conduct of its affairs, the use of its resources, and the results of its activities.

It is an indeterminate term used in development literature to describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources in order to guarantee the realization of human rights. Governance describes the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law.

Being responsive to the present and future needs of the country, exercising prudence in policy-setting and decision-making, and the best interests of masses taken into account, the means and the processes implemented by the government to produce favorable results meeting the needs of its masses, while making the best use of resources, human, technological, financial, natural and environmental at its disposal, indicates good governance.

Accountability is a key tenet of governance. Who is accountable for what should be documented in policy statements. In general, a government is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions as well as the applicable rules of law. Active participation by both men and women, either directly or through legitimate representatives, is a key cornerstone of good governance. Participation needs to be informed and organized, including freedom of expression and assiduous concern for the best interests of the country and society.

Access to information should be granted in understandable forms and media; that it should be freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by government's policies and practices, as well as the outcomes resulting there from; and that any decisions taken and their enforcement are in compliance with established rules and regulations.

It must be guaranteed that governmental processes are designed to serve the best interests of masses within a reasonable timeframe. It requires consultation to understand the different interests of masses in order to reach a broad consensus of what is in the best interest of all and how this can be achieved in a sustainable and prudent manner.

Independence of judiciary must be maintained which can exercise an effective system of check and balance and can prevent politicians from abuse of power.

Economic and political stability are deeply interlinked. Without one the other cannot be obtained, so government must evolve strait and major re-structuring. The continuity of policy is essential without which, no result would be obtained.

People must be educated without which they cannot protect their rights. Press can play a vital role in creating awareness among people regarding their problems and their solutions. In this way people would be able to demand their rights and will perform their duties in a more organized way.

A well governed country ascertains both private and public sectors well administered and operate in harmony with each other. When a country is not politically sound its institutions will also be in poor condition. Cohesion between these sectors is impossible in the absence of good governance.

Irrespective to the aforementioned facts, Afghanistan, a nascent democracy with 36% of 26.59m population, living below poverty line, show the worst example of bad governance. It continues to face daunting challenges, including endemic poverty and lack of human capacity; insecurity; weak governance and institutionalized corruption; opium exports equal to 22% of gross domestic product; rampant gender inequality; and policy, regulatory, and institutional constraints that have limited effective growth in public and private sectors.

In our country we see our public and private sectors are in a great mess. Every institution of public sector is suffering from mal-administration and worst corruption. The people reluctantly visit these institutions because they know the truants and dishonest elements would not lend him a legitimate and dutiful hand. Even for public utilities task, people have to offer bribe.

Without any favor or bribe it is very difficult to get any work done from the public offices. Moreover, due to the malpractices of the public officials and misappropriation of public funds the infrastructure of public institutions has become cracked and a situation like chaos is prevailing all over the country.

The crucial importance of good governance can be witnessed by the experience of East Asian countries. Between 1965 and 1990, the region registered the highest growth rate in the world and combined it with high living standards. The single most important factor in this economic miracle was the fact that these countries were able to put in place sound and sustainable framework.

Good governance is needed for the smooth running of public institutions, it is also essential for maintaining the sovereignty of the country. If a country is poorly governed and there is a political instability, its enemies find opportunities in this situation and try to undermine it. While a badly governed country has many other problems to solve, it cannot ensure its security.

A good governed country is economically strong and all the departments of the country function smoothly. It enables the rulers to strengthen the country's security. We know that globalization is a fast spreading phenomenon; so good governance can only assist us reaping the fruit of globalization.