Human suffering and misery in the remotest part of the world invariably affect the whole family of man. Man has to suffer, not only when the part of the world in which he is residing is hit by natural calamities like earthquakes, famines, floods, diseases etc, but occasionally also at the hands of men driven mad by political, economic or social power.

In both types of situations response from the rest of humanity is spontaneous. In the former case, it takes the form of efforts to bring relief to the stricken. But whenever man has been made to suffer at the hands of other men, the conscience of humanity has been outraged, and the cry has gone round for some sort of guarantees to afford protection to him against the tyranny of his fellow human beings, so that he can be assured of at least his rights to life, liberty and security of person.

Human rights are the rights that one possesses as human beings, right to live with liberty and dignity and all the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled: the right to life, liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equal treatment before the law. These rights represent entitlements of the individual or groups vis-a-vis the government, as well as responsibilities of the individual and the government authorities.
These rights are ascribed naturally, which means that they are not earned and cannot be denied on the basis of race, creed, ethnicity or gender.

These rights are often advanced as legal rights and protected by the rule of law. However, they are distinct from and prior to law, and can be used as standards for formulating or criticizing both local and international law. It is typically thought that the conduct of governments must comply with these standards.

Many conflicts within a country is sparked by a failure to protect human rights, and the trauma that results from severe human rights violations often leads to new human rights violations. As conflict intensifies, hatred accumulates and makes restoration of peace more difficult. In order to stop this cycle of violence, states must institute policies aimed at human rights protection.

Many believe that the protection of human rights is essential to the sustainable achievement of the three agreed global priorities of peace, development and democracy. Respect for human rights has therefore become an integral part of international law and foreign policy. The specific goal of expanding such rights is to increase safeguards for the dignity of the person.

The values of freedom, respect for human rights and the principle of holding periodic and genuine elections by universal suffrage are essential elements of democracy. In turn, democracy provides the natural environment for the protection and effective realization of human rights. These values are embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and further developed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which enshrines a host of political rights and civil liberties underpinning meaningful democracies.

The Declaration drawn up by the Commission recognized two types of human rights, viz., (i) civil and political, e.g. life, liberty and security of person, freedom from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment or exile, right to a fair trial, freedom of thought, conscience and religion and freedom of peaceful assembly and association, and (ii) economic, social and cultural rights, e.g., rights to work, social security, education, participation in the cultural life of the community, sharing in scientific advancement and its benefits and enjoying the arts.

However, it can be expected that States will find inspiration for their attitudes and actions in the standards set by the international community represented in the United Nations. The main instrument at the disposal of the world body is exposure to world public opinion. The reporting procedure under the international covenants is designed to give publicity to the progress made by each country in enforcing human rights and the obstacles it encountered in the process.

Irrespective to aforementioned declaration of human rights, Afghanistan shows a dismal picture of law and order accompanied with rampant human right violation. Insecurity, crimes against humanity, increasing violence against women and children, lack of access to education, torture and killing of the innocent people are just some of the human rights violations happening in our country.

Consequently a prevalent silence was observed by government, on eve of celebration of International Day of Human Rights on December 10. However, the activists and observers keep underscoring the grave human right violation and blame the government for the ongoing abuses in the country and lingering situation largely undermined by the government's weak response to the problem.

Every ordinary person with inclusion to human right organizations is concerned at the alarming increase of violence. This year's statistics recorded some 3500 cases of violence against women, since late March, a major increase compared to the last seven years. In the past three months, there were 38 cases of rape reported and 90 percent of the victims were children.

Nonetheless, Afghanistan's national security agency has been accused of running its own prisons, torturing suspects, and harassing journalists. The security forces of local militias, which also have their own prisons, have been accused of torture and arbitrary killings. Child labor and human trafficking remain common outside Kabul. Civilians frequently have been killed in battles between warlord forces.

Poor conditions in the overcrowded prisons have contributed to illness and death amongst prisoners; a prison rehabilitation program began in 2003. These figures are with exclusion to atrocities and human rights violation undertaken by Tlaiban.

The absence of an effective national judicial system ensuring fair trial principles enshrined in the Afghan constitution and the criminal procedure, is frequently violated for various reasons, including, the lack of well-educated, professional staff (especially defence lawyers), lack of material resources, corruption and unlawful interference by warlords and politicians. Consequently, risking guiltless citizens being charged with sever crime.

Such situations in which the call has gone out for such guarantees have arisen when a State has failed to protect the common masses against abuses by local authorities, militants or has adopted an oppressive or discriminatory attitude.

Although this is not all about that the international community can enforce human rights, the centralized government should too comply its duty with heart and soul. Since a state, which does not recognize basic human rights or deny them to their citizens, are, sooner or later, bound to find them heading toward political and social unrest.

Protection of human rights, as indicated by the Human Rights Index is a measure of a country's status or level of development. Thus, protection of human rights is of prime importance because they are the basic rights to be enjoyed by every human being.