Editor in Chief: Moh. Reza Huwaida Thursday, May 2nd, 2024

Criteria for Good and Evil

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Criteria for Good and Evil

There is no such thing or act as good or evil, there are only those with power and the will to use it. There are several reasons for this being true, most importantly the fact that cultural differences dictate that there can be no universally accepted set of morals and ethics. By good, we mean something that people consider to be morally or ethically right. By evil we mean the exact opposite of good, i.e. something the people consider to be morally or ethically wrong. When we talk about whether or not there is a good or evil, we mean in a definitive, universally accepted sense.

One may argue that every human being has a common sense of what is good or bad instilled in them their whole lives. It is this instinctive set of morals and ethics that has ensured humanity has always been consistently filled with society and civilization based on common ethics and/or morals in the form of laws and rules. It may be argued that if every person had a differing sense of good or evil, it would be impossible for there to be civilized society throughout the world, all through times, dating back to the beginning of human history. Differing sets of morals between individuals would make the transition between different cultures almost impossible for people to make as their perceptions of what is right or wrong would have to be completely reshaped to adjust to a new way of life. 

If the argument put forward were true, there would be no need for laws and rules to exist and be enforced as they are and have been for the entire existence of humanity. If every single human had the same set of ethics and morals, people would not do "bad" things. People only consider things to be either good or bad based on their own opinions and thus the determining of whether something is good or bad is just the comparison of one's opinions and morals to another's. If everyone had the same view on what is right or wrong there would be no criminals. Criminals have always been a part of society and they are a reminder that not everyone shares the same ethics and morals or opinions of what is right or wrong.

In different cultures there may be a widely accepted set of morals and ethics by which people are expected to live their lives, but there is no set of morals or ethics accepted by every single person alive. Therefore there can be no such thing as a definitive good or evil as opinions vary from person to person, civilization to civilization. An example of one group of people living by a set of morals which they think makes them “good” whilst others consider their actions to be “evil” is that of the Nazi regime headed by Adolf Hitler in the 1930’s and 40’s. Hitler and his followers believed that Judaism was a menace to society and the eradication of all Jews would make the world a better place. They felt that what they were doing was indeed “good”. However, it is widely believed that Hitler and the Nazis' actions were some of the most “evil” actions in the history of mankind. This shows us clearly that not all people agree on the same things as being good or evil, but rather opinion differs from person to person.

It is consequently essential the ethical and moral judgments should not be made on personal, ethnic, racial and regional grounds but on human grounds. This means that the things or deeds should not be stereotyped as “good” or “evil”, just different morals and ethics followed by individuals but on broader spectrum of privileges and disadvantages assumed by human progeny. A thing or deed more advantageous to humanity should be regarded “good” otherwise “evil”.

Al-Qaida and Taliban’s admirers believe, Taliban fight a holy war waged against non-Muslim invaders, to safeguard Islamic land, Shariah and divine Islamic doctrine –what they do is “good” deed. Nonetheless, Taliban subjugated the courtesy of Islam for their political mileage and power gain, is an irrefutable truth. They are solely responsible for Muslim’s miseries, earning universal disrepute – the clue to any terrorist activity, leads to Muslim patron.

Taliban are using terrorism as a specific tactic to further their malicious ideological and political horrendous designs. According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 75% of Afghan civilian casualties in 2010, 80% in 2011, and 80% in 2012. 

Taliban established a regime that was based on massive human rights violation. The world witnessed Taliban regime with suppression of women, coerced suspension of fundamental human rights, and elimination of right to freedom of thought and expression, harsh treatments extended to religious minorities, the list continues. The people of Afghanistan could hardly admit their human existence. It depicts the magnanimous commitment of Taliban extending unanimous support for Al-Qaida that turned Afghanistan a slaughterhouse for innocent civilians. Taliban launched a bloody war against US and Afghans that claimed the lives of thousands of innocents since US’s invasion in December 2001. In that pursuit a number of Taliban was incarcerated and some met their fates, others still have resorted to give a tough time to afghan and foreign troops.

According to a United Nations former report, civilian casualties in Afghanistan have risen by almost 30 percent during the first three months of the year. UN special representative for Afghanistan, Jan Kubis said that the “troubling” rise, compared to the same period last year, followed a 12 percent drop in civilian casualties over the whole of 2012.

The hefty sum of violence and human disgrace witnessed during Taliban’s barbaric regime cannot find justification in any human’s moral and ethical ground and civilized world. Should Taliban be rewarded international peace award for their mass murder of innocent civilians, as they carried out good deeds?

This shows, on minor and individual ground us that there is no ascertained and fixed criteria for acts and things as "good" or "evil", as such. Merely there are personally ethics, morals, and opinions. Nevertheless, on major and universal human grounds the criterion for “good” and “evil” differs. The acts, deeds or things benefiting humanity can regarded as “good” –the contrary as “evil”.

Asmatyari is permanent writer of Daily outlook Afghanistan. He can be reached at asmatyari@gmail.com

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